These ultraviolet effects

. бывает; если это так; наблюдаться; происходить; существовать

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The minimum value of t_d occurs when Eqs. (3-7) and (3-7) are equal.

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A similar situation exists (or prevails, or obtains, or takes place) with regard to the total content of...

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Under certain conditions this actually is the case.

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This is not always the case.

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These ultraviolet effects occur at about 0.3 μ.

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The year 1959 saw a marked improvement in the world freight position.

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The last quarter of the year showed a sharp increase in...

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A similar relation holds for the frequency of the heart beat.

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The following relationships are true (or hold true, or hold good, or hold, or are valid).

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Mass transfer is involved whenever a chemical reaction takes place.

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The last few years have seen the first steps into the new territory of...

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At low pressures, second-order kinetics obtain.

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Equation (.1) holds throughout the flow.

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Such a reaction occurs not only with aldose but also with ketose sugars.

* * *

 In main tunnels, these events take place at high speeds.

 A special case exists for a = 0.

 The maximum torque occurs when q = 45 deg.

 It is normal to observe concentrated fatigue in applications where severe roller skew forces are in evidence.

 This was the case in all of the tests summarized in this paper.

. бывает; если это так; наблюдаться; происходить; существовать

•

The minimum value of t_d occurs when Eqs. (3-7) and (3-7) are equal.

•

A similar situation exists (or prevails, or obtains, or takes place) with regard to the total content of...

•

Under certain conditions this actually is the case.

•

This is not always the case.

•

These ultraviolet effects occur at about 0.3 μ.

•

The year 1959 saw a marked improvement in the world freight position.

•

The last quarter of the year showed a sharp increase in...

•

A similar relation holds for the frequency of the heart beat.

•

The following relationships are true (or hold true, or hold good, or hold, or are valid).

•

Mass transfer is involved whenever a chemical reaction takes place.

•

The last few years have seen the first steps into the new territory of...

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At low pressures, second-order kinetics obtain.

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Equation (.1) holds throughout the flow.

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Such a reaction occurs not only with aldose but also with ketose sugars.

 

воздействие электрической дуги на человека
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[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Effects of the electrical arc on human beings

From the above, it is evident that the electrical arc represents a hazard source for people and goods.

The hazards to which a person is exposed due to the release of energy generated by an arc event are:
• burns;
• injuries due to ejection of materials;
• damages to hearing;
• inhalation of toxic gases.

Burns

The high temperature levels of the gases produced by the electrical arc and the expulsion of incandescent metal particles may cause more or less severe burns to people.
Flames can cause all degrees of burn up to carbonization: the red-hot solid bodies, such as the metal fragments of the assembly involved, cause third degree burns, superheated steam causes burns analogous to those by hot liquids whereas radiant heat generally causes less severe burns.

Injuries due to ejection of materials

The ejection of metal particles or other loose items caused by the electrical arc can result in severe injuries to the weakest parts of the human body as, for example, the eyes.
The materials expelled owing to the explosion produced by the arc may penetrate the cornea and hurt it.
The extent of the lesions depends on the characteristics and on the kinetic energy of these objects.
Moreover, the ocular region can sustain injuries to the mucosa because of the gases released by the arc and the emission of ultraviolet and infrared rays can injure the cornea and the retina depending on the radiation wavelengths.

Hearing

As already mentioned, the electrical arc is a real explosion, whose sound may cause permanent injuries to hearing.

Inhalation of toxic gases

The fumes produced by burnt insulating materials and by molten or vaporized metals can be toxic.
The fumes are caused by incomplete burning and are formed by carbon particles and by other solid substances suspended in the air.

[ABB]

Воздействие электрической дуги на человека

Из сказанного выше совершенно очевидно, что электрическая дуга является источником опасности для людей и имущества.

При высвобождении энергии электрической дуги человек может подвергнуться следующим опасностям:
• получение ожогов;
• повреждения от выброса продуктов горения дуги;
• нарушение слуха;
• вдыхание ядовитых газов.

Ожоги

Высокая температура газов, образующихся при горении электрической дуги, и выброс раскаленных частиц металла могут явиться причиной достаточно тяжелых ожогов.
Можно получить любую степень ожогов, вплоть до обугливания. Раскаленные до красна твердые частицы, такие как металлические частицы НКУ, вызывают ожоги третьей степени. Перегретый пар вызывает ожоги, аналогичные ожогам от горячих жидкостей. Лучистая энергия вызывает менее тяжелые ожоги.

Повреждения от выброса продуктов горения дуги

Выброс металлических или иных частиц, происходящий при горении электрической дуги, может привести к серьезным телесным повреждениям, особенно при попадании в глаза.
Частицы, выбрасываемые при горении дуги, могут проникнуть в роговую оболочку глаза и повредить ее.
Степень поражения зависит от характеристик и кинетической энергии выбрасываемых частиц.
Кроме того, газы, выделяющиеся в процессе горения дуги, могут повредить слизистую оболочку глаз, а ультрафиолетовое и инфракрасное излучение – роговую оболочку и сетчатку в зависимости от длины волны воздействующего излучения.

Орган слуха

Как уже упоминалось, электрическая дуга представляет собой реальный взрыв, звук которого может нанести тяжелую травму органу слуха.

Вдыхание ядовитых газов

Продукты горения изоляционных материалов и пары металлов могут быть ядовитыми.
Дым, образующийся при неполном сгорании и содержащий частицы углерода и других веществ, попадает в окружающий воздух.

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики

• НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

EN

• effects of the electrical arc on human beings

. вместе с; как и; так же, как и

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This detector is highly selective as well as sensitive.

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Absorption bands arise in the ultraviolet as well as in the visible portion of the spectrum when...

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Ethanol and sulphuric acid always react to yield a mixture of ethylene, ethyl hydrogen sulphate, and diethyl ether, along with a few minor by-products.

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Cadmium-coated articles should not be used in contact with food, nor should cadmium-plated articles be welded or used in ovens.

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Aluminium hydroxide can react with a strong base as well as with acids (or and also with acids, or and with acids too).

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This fact combined (or coupled, or together) with the absence of... led to some confusion.

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The collenchyma cell wall is composed of cellulose and pectic compounds plus a very high proportion of water.

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These are chiefly nickel and arsenic, together with smaller amounts of other elements.

* * *

 In addition, U as well as the radial gradients of W and T should be zero along the axis of symmetry.

 Two ferritic pressure-vessel steels, SA-384 Grades 11 and 22, plus 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel weldments were employed in the present study.

 The values of profile shape parameter and energy coefficient, together with comments on the state of the flow, are listed in Table.

 In view of these experimental and theoretical considerations, coupled with the considerable expense of high pressure wear facilities, most friction and wear measurements have been made at low gas pressure.

 These compounds occur in fly ash primarily as silicates, oxides and sulfates, along with lesser amounts of carbonates. (... а также небольших количеств карбонатов)

 Compressibility effects are not modeled. This, with the partial two-dimensional nature of the model arrangement, is the main shortcoming of the model.

 Piping wall temperatures are monitored, as are inlet and outlet pressures.